# Based on turtle.py, a Tkinter based turtle graphics module for Python # Version 1.1b - 4. 5. 2009 # Copyright (C) 2006 - 2010 Gregor Lingl # email: glingl@aon.at # # The MIT License (MIT) # # Copyright (c) 2019 LadyAda and Dave Astels for Adafruit Industries # # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: # # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in # all copies or substantial portions of the Software. # # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN # THE SOFTWARE. """ `adafruit_turtle` ================================================================================ Turtle graphics library for CircuitPython and displayio * Author(s): LadyAda and Dave Astels Implementation Notes -------------------- **Hardware:** **Software and Dependencies:** * Adafruit CircuitPython firmware for the supported boards: https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython/releases * Adafruit's Bus Device library: https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_BusDevice """ #pylint:disable=too-many-public-methods,invalid-name,too-many-instance-attributes #pylint:disable=too-few-public-methods,too-many-lines import gc import math import time import board import displayio import adafruit_logging as logging __version__ = "0.0.0-auto.0" __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_CircuitPython_turtle.git" class Color(object): """Standard colors""" WHITE = 0xFFFFFF BLACK = 0x000000 RED = 0xFF0000 ORANGE = 0xFFA500 YELLOW = 0xFFFF00 GREEN = 0x00FF00 BLUE = 0x0000FF PURPLE = 0x800080 PINK = 0xFFC0CB colors = (WHITE, BLACK, RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE, PURPLE, PINK) def __init__(self): pass class Vec2D(tuple): """A 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class for implementing turtle graphics. May be useful for turtle graphics programs also. Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple! """ # Provides (for a, b vectors, k number): # a+b vector addition # a-b vector subtraction # a*b inner product # k*a and a*k multiplication with scalar # |a| absolute value of a # a.rotate(angle) rotation def __init__(self, x, y): super(Vec2D, self).__init__((x, y)) def __add__(self, other): return Vec2D(self[0] + other[0], self[1] + other[1]) def __mul__(self, other): if isinstance(other, Vec2D): return self[0] * other[0]+self[1] * other[1] return Vec2D(self[0] * other, self[1] * other) def __rmul__(self, other): if isinstance(other, (float, int)): return Vec2D(self[0] * other, self[1] * other) return None def __sub__(self, other): return Vec2D(self[0] - other[0], self[1] - other[1]) def __neg__(self): return Vec2D(-self[0], -self[1]) def __abs__(self): return (self[0]**2 + self[1]**2)**0.5 def rotate(self, angle): """Rotate self counterclockwise by angle. :param angle: how much to rotate """ perp = Vec2D(-self[1], self[0]) angle = angle * math.pi / 180.0 c, s = math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle) return Vec2D(self[0] * c + perp[0] * s, self[1] * c + perp[1] * s) def __getnewargs__(self): return (self[0], self[1]) def __repr__(self): return "(%.2f,%.2f)" % self class turtle(object): """A Turtle that can be given commands to draw.""" def __init__(self, display=board.DISPLAY): self._logger = logging.getLogger("Turtle") self._logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) self._display = display self._w = self._display.width self._h = self._display.height self._x = self._w // 2 self._y = self._h // 2 self._speed = 6 self._heading = 90 self._logomode = False self._splash = displayio.Group(max_size=3) self._bg_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(self._w, self._h, 1) self._bg_palette = displayio.Palette(1) self._bg_palette[0] = Color.BLACK self._bg_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(self._bg_bitmap, pixel_shader=self._bg_palette, x=0, y=0) self._splash.append(self._bg_sprite) self._fg_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(self._w, self._h, 5) self._fg_palette = displayio.Palette(len(Color.colors) + 1) self._fg_palette.make_transparent(0) for i, c in enumerate(Color.colors): self._fg_palette[i + 1] = c self._fg_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(self._fg_bitmap, pixel_shader=self._fg_palette, x=0, y=0) self._splash.append(self._fg_sprite) self._turtle_bitmap = displayio.Bitmap(9, 9, 2) self._turtle_palette = displayio.Palette(2) self._turtle_palette.make_transparent(0) self._turtle_palette[1] = Color.WHITE for i in range(4): self._turtle_bitmap[4 - i, i] = 1 self._turtle_bitmap[i, 4 + i] = 1 self._turtle_bitmap[4 + i, 7 - i] = 1 self._turtle_bitmap[4 + i, i] = 1 self._turtle_sprite = displayio.TileGrid(self._turtle_bitmap, pixel_shader=self._turtle_palette, x=-100, y=-100) self._drawturtle() self._splash.append(self._turtle_sprite) self._penstate = False self._pencolor = None self._pensize = 1 self.pencolor(Color.WHITE) self._display.show(self._splash) self._display.refresh_soon() gc.collect() self._display.wait_for_frame() def _drawturtle(self): self._turtle_sprite.x = int(self._x - 4) self._turtle_sprite.y = int(self._y - 4) #self._logger.debug("pos (%d, %d)", self._x, self._y) ############################################################################ # Move and draw def forward(self, distance): """Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction the turtle is headed. :param distance: how far to move (integer or float) """ p = self.pos() x1 = p[0] + math.sin(math.radians(self._heading)) * distance y1 = p[1] + math.cos(math.radians(self._heading)) * distance self.goto(x1, y1) fd = forward def backward(self, distance): """Move the turtle backward by distance, opposite to the direction the turtle is headed. Does not change the turtle's heading. :param distance: how far to move (integer or float) """ self.forward(-distance) bk = backward back = backward def right(self, angle): """Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode(). :param angle: how much to rotate to the right (integer or float) """ self._turn(angle) rt = right def left(self, angle): """Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) Angle orientation depends on the turtle mode, see mode(). :param angle: how much to rotate to the left (integer or float) """ self._turn(-angle) lt = left #pylint:disable=too-many-branches,too-many-statements def goto(self, x1, y1=None): """If y1 is None, x1 must be a pair of coordinates or an (x, y) tuple Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, draw line. Does not change the turtle's orientation. :param x1: a number or a pair of numbers :param y1: a number or None """ if y1 is None: y1 = x1[1] x1 = x1[0] x1 += self._w // 2 y1 = self._h // 2 - y1 x0 = self._x y0 = self._y self._logger.debug("* GoTo from (%d, %d) to (%d, %d)", x0, y0, x1, y1) if not self.isdown(): self._x = x1 # woot, we just skip ahead self._y = y1 self._drawturtle() return steep = abs(y1 - y0) > abs(x1 - x0) rev = False dx = x1 - x0 if steep: x0, y0 = y0, x0 x1, y1 = y1, x1 dx = x1 - x0 if x0 > x1: rev = True dx = x0 - x1 dy = abs(y1 - y0) err = dx / 2 ystep = -1 if y0 < y1: ystep = 1 while (not rev and x0 <= x1) or (rev and x1 <= x0): if steep: try: self._plot(int(y0), int(x0), self._pencolor) # self._fg_bitmap[int(y0), int(x0)] = self._pencolor except IndexError: pass self._x = y0 self._y = x0 self._drawturtle() time.sleep(0.003) else: try: self._plot(int(x0), int(y0), self._pencolor) # self._fg_bitmap[int(x0), int(y0)] = self._pencolor except IndexError: pass self._x = x0 self._y = y0 self._drawturtle() time.sleep(0.003) err -= dy if err < 0: y0 += ystep err += dx if rev: x0 -= 1 else: x0 += 1 setpos = goto setposition = goto def setx(self, x): """Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate unchanged. :param x: new value of the turtle's x coordinate (a number) """ self.goto(x, self.pos()[1]) def sety(self, y): """Set the turtle's second coordinate to y, leave first coordinate unchanged. :param y: new value of the turtle's y coordinate (a number) """ self.goto(self.pos()[0], y) def setheading(self, to_angle): """Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. Here are some common directions in degrees: standard mode | logo mode 0 - east | 0 - north 90 - north | 90 - east 180 - west | 180 - south 270 - south | 270 - west :param to_angle: the new turtle heading """ self._heading = to_angle seth = setheading def home(self): """Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) - and set its heading to its start-orientation (which depends on the mode, see mode()). """ self.setheading(90) self.goto(0, 0) def _plot(self, x, y, c): try: self._fg_bitmap[int(x), int(y)] = c # self._logger.debug('Set fg_bitmap[%d, %d] to %d', x, y, self._fg_bitmap[int(x), int(y)]) except IndexError: pass def _draw_disk(self, x, y, width, height, r, color, fill=True, outline=True, stroke=1): """Draw a filled and/or outlined circle""" if fill: self._helper(x+r, y+r, r, color=color, fill=True, x_offset=width-2*r-1, y_offset=height-2*r-1) if outline: self._helper(x+r, y+r, r, color=color, stroke=stroke, x_offset=width-2*r-1, y_offset=height-2*r-1) # pylint: disable=invalid-name, too-many-locals, too-many-branches def _helper(self, x0, y0, r, color, x_offset=0, y_offset=0, stroke=1, corner_flags=0x0F, fill=False): """Draw quandrant wedges filled or outlined""" f = 1 - r ddF_x = 1 ddF_y = -2 * r x = -1 y = r while x < y: if f >= 0: y -= 1 ddF_y += 2 f += ddF_y x += 1 ddF_x += 2 f += ddF_x if fill: for w in range(x0-y, x0+y+x_offset): self._plot(w, y0 + x + y_offset, color) self._plot(w, y0 - x, color) for w in range(x0-x, x0+x+x_offset): self._plot(w, y0 + y + y_offset, color) self._plot(w, y0 - y, color) else: for line in range(stroke): self._plot(x0 - y + line, y0 + x + y_offset, color) self._plot(x0 - x, y0 + y + y_offset - line, color) self._plot(x0 - y + line, y0 - x, color) self._plot(x0 - x, y0 - y + line, color) for line in range(stroke): self._plot(x0 + x + x_offset, y0 + y + y_offset - line, color) self._plot(x0 + y + x_offset - line, y0 + x + y_offset, color) self._plot(x0 + x + x_offset, y0 - y + line, color) self._plot(x0 + y + x_offset - line, y0 - x, color) # pylint: enable=invalid-name, too-many-locals, too-many-branches def circle(self, radius, extent=None, steps=None): """Not implemented Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent. As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, it will be calculated automatically. May be used to draw regular polygons. :param radius: the radius of the circle :param extent: the arc of the circle to be drawn :param steps: how many points along the arc are computed """ raise NotImplementedError #pylint:disable=keyword-arg-before-vararg def dot(self, size=None, color=None): """Not implemented Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used. :param size: the diameter of the dot :param color: the color of the dot """ if size is None: size = max(self._pensize + 4, self._pensize * 2) if color is None: color = self._pencolor else: color = self._color_to_pencolor(color) self._logger.debug('dot(%d)', size) self._draw_disk(self._x - size, self._y - size, 2 * size + 1, 2 * size + 1, size, color) self._fg_sprite[0,0] = 0 def stamp(self): """Not implemented Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id). """ raise NotImplementedError def clearstamp(self, stampid): """Not implemented Delete stamp with given stampid. :param stampid: the id of the stamp to be deleted """ raise NotImplementedError def clearstamps(self, n=None): """Not implemented Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. If n is None, delete all stamps, if n > 0 delete first n stamps, else if n < 0 delete last n stamps. :param n: how many stamps to delete (None means delete them all) """ raise NotImplementedError def undo(self): """Not implemented Undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action(s). Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of the undobuffer. """ raise NotImplementedError def speed(self, speed=None): """Not implemented Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0..10. If no argument is given, return current speed. If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, speed is set to 0. Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues as follows: "fastest": 0 "fast": 10 "normal": 6 "slow": 3 "slowest": 1 Speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of line drawing and turtle turning. Attention: speed = 0 means that no animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly. :param speed: the new turtle speed (0..10) or None """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Tell turtle's state def pos(self): """Return the turtle's current location (x,y) (as a Vec2D vector).""" return Vec2D(self._x - self._w // 2, self._h // 2 - self._y) position = pos def towards(self, x1, y1=None): """Not implemented Return the angle between the line from turtle position to position specified by (x,y) or the vector. This depends on the turtle's start orientation which depends on the mode - "standard" or "logo"). :param x: a number or a pair/vector of numbers :param y: a number if x is a number, else None """ raise NotImplementedError def xcor(self): """Not implemented Return the turtle's x coordinate.""" raise NotImplementedError def ycor(self): """Not implemented Return the turtle's y coordinate.""" raise NotImplementedError def heading(self): """Return the turtle's current heading (value depends on the turtle mode, see mode()). """ return self._heading def distance(self, x1, y1=None): """Not implemented Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) or the vector, in turtle step units. :param x: a number or a pair/vector of numbers :param y: a number if x is a number, else None """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Setting and measurement def degrees(self, fullcircle=360): """Not implemented Set angle measurement units, i.e. set number of "degrees" for a full circle. Default value is 360 degrees. :param fullcircle: the number of degrees in a full circle """ raise NotImplementedError def radians(self): """Not implemented Set the angle measurement units to radians. Equivalent to degrees(2*math.pi).""" raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Drawing state def pendown(self): """Pull the pen down - drawing when moving.""" self._penstate = True pd = pendown down = pendown def penup(self): """Pull the pen up - no drawing when moving.""" self._penstate = False pu = penup up = penup def pensize(self, width=None): """Not implemented Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with the same line thickness. If no argument is given, the current pensize is returned. :param width: - a positive number """ if width is not None: self._pensize = width return self._pensize width = pensize def pen(self, pen=None, **pendict): """Not implemented Not implemented Return or set the pen's attributes in a "pen-dictionary" with the following key/value pairs: "shown": True/False "pendown": True/False "pencolor": color-string or color-tuple "fillcolor": color-string or color-tuple "pensize": positive number "speed": number in range 0..10 "resizemode": "auto" or "user" or "noresize" "stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number) "outline": positive number "tilt": number This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent call to pen() to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement. :param pen: a dictionary with some or all of the above listed keys :param pendict: ne or more keyword-arguments with the above listed keys as keywords """ raise NotImplementedError def isdown(self): """Return True if pen is down, False if it's up.""" return self._penstate ############################################################################ # Color control def _color_to_pencolor(self, c): return 1 + Color.colors.index(c) def color(self, *args): """Not implemented Return or set pencolor and fillcolor. Several input formats are allowed. They use 0 to 3 arguments as follows: color() Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor as a pair of color specification strings or tuples as returned by pencolor() and fillcolor(). color(colorstring), color((r, g, b)), color(r, g, b) Inputs as in pencolor(), set both, fillcolor and pencolor, to the given value. color(colorstring1, colorstring2), color((r1, g1, b1), (r2, g2, b2)) Equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2) and analogously if the other input format is used. If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set colors. """ raise NotImplementedError def pencolor(self, c=None): """ Return or set the pencolor. Four input formats are allowed: pencolor() Return the current pencolor as color specification string or as a tuple (see example). May be used as input to another color/ pencolor/fillcolor call. pencolor(colorstring) Set pencolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as "red", "yellow", or "#33cc8c". pencolor((r, g, b)) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see colormode()). pencolor(r, g, b) Set pencolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn with the newly set pencolor. """ if c is None: return Color.colors[self._pencolor - 1] if not c in Color.colors: raise RuntimeError("Color must be one of the 'Color' class items") self._pencolor = 1 + Color.colors.index(c) return c def fillcolor(self, c=None): """Not implemented Return or set the fillcolor. Four input formats are allowed: fillcolor() Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, possibly in tuple format (see example). May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. fillcolor(colorstring) Set fillcolor to colorstring, which is a Tk color specification string, such as "red", "yellow", or "#33cc8c". fillcolor((r, g, b)) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by the tuple of r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode, where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 (see colormode()). fillcolor(r, g, b) Set fillcolor to the RGB color represented by r, g, and b. Each of r, g, and b must be in the range 0..colormode. If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn with the newly set fillcolor. """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Filling def filling(self): """Not implemented Return fillstate (True if filling, False else).""" raise NotImplementedError def begin_fill(self): """Not implemented To be called just before drawing a shape to be filled.""" raise NotImplementedError def end_fill(self): """Not implemented Fill the shape drawn after the last call to begin_fill().""" raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # More drawing control def reset(self): """Not implemented Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle and set variables to the default values.""" raise NotImplementedError def clear(self): """Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other turtles are not affected. """ for w in range(self._w): for h in range(self._h): self._fg_bitmap[w, h] = 0 for i, c in enumerate(Color.colors): self._fg_palette[i + 1] = c ^ 0xFFFFFF self._display.refresh_soon() for i, c in enumerate(Color.colors): self._fg_palette[i + 1] = c self._display.refresh_soon() time.sleep(0.1) def write(self, arg, move=False, align="left", font=("Arial", 8, "normal")): """Not implemented Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current turtle position according to align ("left", "center" or "right") and with the given font. If move is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner of the text. By default, move is False. :param arg: object to be written to the TurtleScreen :param move": True/False :param align: one of the strings "left", "center" or "right" :param font: a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype) """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Visibility def showturtle(self): """Not implemented Make the turtle visible.""" raise NotImplementedError st = showturtle def hideturtle(self): """Not implemented Make the turtle invisible.""" raise NotImplementedError ht = hideturtle def isvisible(self): """Not implemented Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden.""" raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Appearance def shape(self, name=None): """Not implemented Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, return name of current shape. Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary. Initially there are the following polygon shapes: "arrow", "turtle", "circle", "square", "triangle", "classic". To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen method register_shape(). :param name: a string which is a valid shapename """ raise NotImplementedError def resizemode(self, rmode=None): """Not implemented Set resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize". If rmode is not given, return current resizemode. Different resizemodes have the following effects: "auto": adapts the appearance of the turtle corresponding to the value of pensize. "user": adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline), which are set by shapesize(). "noresize": no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place. resizemode("user") is called by shapesize() when used with arguments. :param rmode: one of the strings "auto", "user", or "noresize" """ raise NotImplementedError def shapesize(self, stretch_wid=None, stretch_len=None, outline=None): """Not implemented Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. Set resizemode to "user". If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed stretched according to its stretchfactors: stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to its orientation, stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of its orientation, outline determines the width of the shapes's outline. :param stretch_wid: positive number :param stretch_len: positive number :param outline: positive number """ raise NotImplementedError turtlesize = shapesize def sheerfactor(self, shear=None): """Not implemented Set or return the current shearfactor. Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, which is the tangent of the shear angle. Do not change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the heading of the turtle are sheared. :param shear: number (optional) """ raise NotImplementedError def settiltangle(self, angle): """Not implemented Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). :param angle: a number """ raise NotImplementedError def tiltangle(self, angle=None): """Not implemented Set or return the current tilt-angle. If angle is given, rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, regardless of its current tilt-angle. Do not change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the turtle (its direction of movement). :param angle: a number (optional) """ raise NotImplementedError def tilt(self, angle): """Not implemented Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, but do not change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). :param angle: a number """ raise NotImplementedError def shapetransform(self, t11=None, t12=None, t21=None, t22=None): """Not implemented Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape. If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation matrix as a tuple of 4 elements. Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and second row t21, 22. The determinant t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 must not be zero, otherwise an error is raised. Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the given matrix. :param t11: a number (optional) :param t12: a number (optional) :param t21: a number (optional) :param t12: a number (optional) """ raise NotImplementedError def get_shapepoly(self): """Not implemented Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. This can be used to define a new shape or components of a compound shape. """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Using events def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): """Not implemented Bind fun to mouse-click events on this turtle. If fun is None, existing bindings are removed. :param fun: a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas :param btn: number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 (left mouse button) :param add: True or False - if True, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding """ raise NotImplementedError def onrelease(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): """Not implemented Bind fun to mouse-button-release events on this turtle. If fun is None, existing bindings are removed. :param fun: a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas :param btn: number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 (left mouse button) :param add: True or False - if True, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding """ raise NotImplementedError def ondrag(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): """Not implemented Bind fun to mouse-move events on this turtle. If fun is None, existing bindings are removed. Remark: Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a mouse-click event on that turtle. :param fun: a function with two arguments which will be called with the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas :param btn: number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 (left mouse button) :param add: True or False - if True, a new binding will be added, otherwise it will replace a former binding """ raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Special turtle methods def begin_poly(self): """Not implemented Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is first vertex of polygon. """ raise NotImplementedError def end_poly(self): """Not implemented Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is last vertex of polygon. This will be connected with the first vertex. """ raise NotImplementedError def get_poly(self): """Not implemented Return the last recorded polygon.""" raise NotImplementedError def clone(self): """Not implemented Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading and turtle properties. """ raise NotImplementedError def getturtle(self): """Not implemented Return the Turtle object itself. Only reasonable use: as a function to return the "anonymous turtle": """ raise NotImplementedError getpen = getturtle def getscreen(self): """Not implemented Return the TurtleScreen object the turtle is drawing on. TurtleScreen methods can then be called for that object. """ raise NotImplementedError def setundobuffer(self, size): """Not implemented Set or disable undobuffer. If size is an integer an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. size gives the maximum number of turtle actions that can be undone by the undo() method/function. If size is None, the undobuffer is disabled. :param size: an integer or None """ raise NotImplementedError def undobufferentries(self): """Not implemented Return number of entries in the undobuffer.""" raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Settings and special methods def mode(self, mode=None): """ Set turtle mode ("standard" or "logo") and perform reset. If mode is not given, current mode is returned. Mode "standard" is compatible with old turtle. Mode "logo" is compatible with most Logo turtle graphics. :param mode: one of the strings "standard" or "logo" """ if mode == "standard": self._logomode = False elif mode == "logo": self._logomode = True elif mode is None: if self._logomode: return "logo" return "standard" else: raise RuntimeError("Mode must be 'logo' or 'standard!'") return None def colormode(self, cmode=None): """Not implemented Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. Subsequently r, g, b values of color triples have to be in the range 0..cmode. :param cmode: one of the valkues 1.0 or 255 """ raise NotImplementedError def getcanvas(self): """Not implemented Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. Useful for insiders who know what to do with a Tkinter Canvas. """ raise NotImplementedError def getshapes(self): """Not implemented Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. """ raise NotImplementedError def register_shape(self, name, shape=None): """Not implemented There are three different ways to call this function: 1. name is the name of a gif-file and shape is None: Install the corresponding image shape. >>> screen.register_shape("turtle.gif") Note: Image shapes do not rotate when turning the turtle, so they do not display the heading of the turtle! 2. name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple of pairs of coordinates: Install the corresponding polygon shape. >>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3), (0,5), (-5,-3))) 3. name is an arbitrary string and shape is a (compound) Shape object: Install the corresponding compound shape. Add a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist. Only thusly registered shapes can be used by issuing the command shape(shapename). """ raise NotImplementedError addshape = register_shape def turtles(self): """Not implemented Return the list of turtles on the screen.""" raise NotImplementedError def window_height(self): """Not implemented Return the height of the turtle window.""" raise NotImplementedError def window_width(self): """Not implemented Return the width of the turtle window.""" raise NotImplementedError ############################################################################ # Other def _turn(self, angle): if self._logomode: self._heading -= angle else: self._heading += angle self._heading %= 360 # wrap around