Trim README to just the basics

README.md

@@ -1,62 +1,12 @@
-# micropython-ulab
+# circuitpython-ulab
 
 ulab is a numpy-like array manipulation library for micropython. 
 The module is written in C, defines compact containers for numerical 
-data, and is fast. 
+data, and is fast.
 
-Documentation can be found under https://micropython-ulab.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+ulab will be incorporated in builds of most CircuitPython supported
-The source for the manual is in https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab/blob/master/docs/ulab-manual.ipynb,
+devices, so there's usually no need to use the files here directly.
-while developer help is in https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab/blob/master/docs/ulab.ipynb.
+If you've encountered a problem with circuitpython-ulab, please
+file an issue [in the circuitpython issue tracker](https://github.com/adafruit/circuitpython).
 
-# Firmware
+circuitpython-ulab is based on [micropython-ulab](https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab).
-
-Firmware for pyboard.v.1.1, and PYBD_SF6 is updated once in a while, and can be downloaded 
-from https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab/releases.
-
-## Compiling
-
-If you want to try the latest version of `ulab`, or your hardware is 
-different to pyboard.v.1.1, or PYBD_SF6, the firmware can be compiled 
-from the source by following these steps:
-
-First, you have to clone the micropython repository by running 
-
-```
-git clone https://github.com/micropython/micropython.git
-```
-on the command line. This will create a new repository with the name `micropython`. Staying there, clone the `ulab` repository with 
-
-```
-git clone https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab.git ulab
-```
-
-Then you have to include `ulab` in the compilation process by editing `mpconfigport.h` of the directory of the port for which you want to compile, so, still on the command line, navigate to `micropython/ports/unix`, or `micropython/ports/stm32`, or whichever port is your favourite, and edit the `mpconfigport.h` file there. All you have to do is add a single line at the end: 
-
-```
-#define MODULE_ULAB_ENABLED (1)
-```
-
-This line will inform the compiler that you want `ulab` in the resulting firmware. If you don't have the cross-compiler installed, your might want to do that now, for instance on Linux by executing 
-
-```
-sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi
-```
-If that was successful, you can try to run the make command in the port's directory as 
-```
-make BOARD=PYBV11 USER_C_MODULES=../../../ulab all
-```
-which will prepare the firmware for pyboard.v.11. Similarly, 
-```
-make BOARD=PYBD_SF6 USER_C_MODULES=../../../ulab all
-```
-will compile for the SF6 member of the PYBD series. Provided that you managed to compile the firmware, you would upload that by running
-either
-```
-dfu-util --alt 0 -D firmware.dfu
-```
-or 
-```
-python pydfu.py -u firmware.dfu
-```
-
-In case you got stuck somewhere in the process, a bit more detailed instructions can be found under https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/Getting-Started, and https://github.com/micropython/micropython/wiki/Pyboard-Firmware-Update.

code/__init__.c

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of the micropython-ulab project, 
+ *
+ * https://github.com/v923z/micropython-ulab
+ *
+ * The MIT License (MIT)
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2019 Zoltán Vörös
+*/
+    
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "py/runtime.h"
+#include "py/binary.h"
+#include "py/obj.h"
+#include "py/objarray.h"
+
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/ndarray.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/linalg.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/vectorise.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/poly.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/fft.h"
+#include "shared-bindings/ulab/numerical.h"
+
+#define ULAB_VERSION 0.262
+
+typedef struct _mp_obj_float_t {
+    mp_obj_base_t base;
+    mp_float_t value;
+} mp_obj_float_t;
+
+mp_obj_float_t ulab_version = {{&mp_type_float}, ULAB_VERSION};
+
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(ndarray_shape_obj, ndarray_shape);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(ndarray_rawsize_obj, ndarray_rawsize);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(ndarray_flatten_obj, 1, ndarray_flatten);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(ndarray_asbytearray_obj, ndarray_asbytearray);
+
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(linalg_transpose_obj, linalg_transpose);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(linalg_reshape_obj, linalg_reshape);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(linalg_size_obj, 1, linalg_size);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(linalg_inv_obj, linalg_inv);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(linalg_dot_obj, linalg_dot);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(linalg_zeros_obj, 0, linalg_zeros);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(linalg_ones_obj, 0, linalg_ones);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(linalg_eye_obj, 0, linalg_eye);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(linalg_det_obj, linalg_det);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(linalg_eig_obj, linalg_eig);
+
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_acos_obj, vectorise_acos);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_acosh_obj, vectorise_acosh);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_asin_obj, vectorise_asin);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_asinh_obj, vectorise_asinh);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_atan_obj, vectorise_atan);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_atanh_obj, vectorise_atanh);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_ceil_obj, vectorise_ceil);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_cos_obj, vectorise_cos);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_erf_obj, vectorise_erf);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_erfc_obj, vectorise_erfc);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_exp_obj, vectorise_exp);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_expm1_obj, vectorise_expm1);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_floor_obj, vectorise_floor);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_gamma_obj, vectorise_gamma);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_lgamma_obj, vectorise_lgamma);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_log_obj, vectorise_log);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_log10_obj, vectorise_log10);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_log2_obj, vectorise_log2);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_sin_obj, vectorise_sin);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_sinh_obj, vectorise_sinh);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_sqrt_obj, vectorise_sqrt);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_tan_obj, vectorise_tan);
+MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_1(vectorise_tanh_obj, vectorise_tanh);
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_linspace_obj, 2, numerical_linspace);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_sum_obj, 1, numerical_sum);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_mean_obj, 1, numerical_mean);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_std_obj, 1, numerical_std);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_min_obj, 1, numerical_min);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_max_obj, 1, numerical_max);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_argmin_obj, 1, numerical_argmin);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_argmax_obj, 1, numerical_argmax);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_roll_obj, 2, numerical_roll);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_flip_obj, 1, numerical_flip);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_diff_obj, 1, numerical_diff);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_sort_obj, 1, numerical_sort);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_sort_inplace_obj, 1, numerical_sort_inplace);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_KW(numerical_argsort_obj, 1, numerical_argsort);
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_2(poly_polyval_obj, poly_polyval);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_VAR_BETWEEN(poly_polyfit_obj, 2, 3, poly_polyfit);
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_VAR_BETWEEN(fft_fft_obj, 1, 2, fft_fft);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_VAR_BETWEEN(fft_ifft_obj, 1, 2, fft_ifft);
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_FUN_OBJ_VAR_BETWEEN(fft_spectrum_obj, 1, 2, fft_spectrum);
+
+STATIC const mp_rom_map_elem_t ulab_ndarray_locals_dict_table[] = {
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_shape), MP_ROM_PTR(&ndarray_shape_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_rawsize), MP_ROM_PTR(&ndarray_rawsize_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_flatten), MP_ROM_PTR(&ndarray_flatten_obj) },    
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_asbytearray), MP_ROM_PTR(&ndarray_asbytearray_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_transpose), MP_ROM_PTR(&linalg_transpose_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_reshape), MP_ROM_PTR(&linalg_reshape_obj) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sort), MP_ROM_PTR(&numerical_sort_inplace_obj) },
+};
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT(ulab_ndarray_locals_dict, ulab_ndarray_locals_dict_table);
+
+const mp_obj_type_t ulab_ndarray_type = {
+    { &mp_type_type },
+    .name = MP_QSTR_ndarray,
+    .print = ndarray_print,
+    .make_new = ndarray_make_new,
+    .subscr = ndarray_subscr,
+    .getiter = ndarray_getiter,
+    .unary_op = ndarray_unary_op,
+    .binary_op = ndarray_binary_op,
+    .locals_dict = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&ulab_ndarray_locals_dict,
+};
+
+STATIC const mp_map_elem_t ulab_globals_table[] = {
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR___name__), MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_ulab) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR___version__), MP_ROM_PTR(&ulab_version) },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_array), (mp_obj_t)&ulab_ndarray_type },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_size), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_size_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_inv), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_inv_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_dot), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_dot_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_zeros), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_zeros_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_ones), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_ones_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_eye), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_eye_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_det), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_det_obj },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_eig), (mp_obj_t)&linalg_eig_obj },    
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_acos), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_acos_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_acosh), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_acosh_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_asin), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_asin_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_asinh), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_asinh_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_atan), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_atan_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_atanh), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_atanh_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_ceil), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_ceil_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_cos), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_cos_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_erf), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_erf_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_erfc), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_erfc_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_exp), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_exp_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_expm1), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_expm1_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_floor), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_floor_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_gamma), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_gamma_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_lgamma), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_lgamma_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_log), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_log_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_log10), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_log10_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_log2), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_log2_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sin), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_sin_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sinh), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_sinh_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sqrt), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_sqrt_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_tan), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_tan_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_tanh), (mp_obj_t)&vectorise_tanh_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_linspace), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_linspace_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sum), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_sum_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_mean), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_mean_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_std), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_std_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_min), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_min_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_max), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_max_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_argmin), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_argmin_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_argmax), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_argmax_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_roll), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_roll_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_flip), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_flip_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_diff), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_diff_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_sort), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_sort_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_argsort), (mp_obj_t)&numerical_argsort_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_polyval), (mp_obj_t)&poly_polyval_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_polyfit), (mp_obj_t)&poly_polyfit_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_fft), (mp_obj_t)&fft_fft_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_ifft), (mp_obj_t)&fft_ifft_obj },
+    { MP_OBJ_NEW_QSTR(MP_QSTR_spectrum), (mp_obj_t)&fft_spectrum_obj },
+    // class constants
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_uint8), MP_ROM_INT(NDARRAY_UINT8) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_int8), MP_ROM_INT(NDARRAY_INT8) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_uint16), MP_ROM_INT(NDARRAY_UINT16) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_int16), MP_ROM_INT(NDARRAY_INT16) },
+    { MP_ROM_QSTR(MP_QSTR_float), MP_ROM_INT(NDARRAY_FLOAT) },
+};
+
+STATIC MP_DEFINE_CONST_DICT (
+    mp_module_ulab_globals,
+    ulab_globals_table
+);
+
+const mp_obj_module_t ulab_user_cmodule = {
+    .base = { &mp_type_module },
+    .globals = (mp_obj_dict_t*)&mp_module_ulab_globals,
+};
+
+MP_REGISTER_MODULE(MP_QSTR_ulab, ulab_user_cmodule, MODULE_ULAB_ENABLED);

code/__init__.h

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_ULAB___INIT___H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_ULAB___INIT___H
+ 
+#include "py/obj.h"
+ 
+// Nothing now.
+ 
+#endif  // MICROPY_INCLUDED_SHARED_BINDINGS_ULAB___INIT___H

code/compat.h

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifndef MICROPY_INCLUDED_ULAB_COMPAT_H
+#define MICROPY_INCLUDED_ULAB_COMPAT_H
+ 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+
+#define mp_obj_is_type(obj, type) MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(obj, type)
+
+#define MP_ROM_NONE (MP_ROM_PTR(&mp_const_none_obj))
+#define MP_ROM_FALSE (mp_const_false) 
+#define MP_ROM_TRUE (mp_const_true) 
+
+#endif  //  MICROPY_INCLUDED_ULAB_COMPAT_H
+

code/fft.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "py/binary.h"
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/objarray.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "ndarray.h"
 #include "fft.h"
 
@@ -75,19 +76,19 @@ void fft_kernel(mp_float_t *real, mp_float_t *imag, int n, int isign) {
 }
 
 mp_obj_t fft_fft_ifft_spectrum(size_t n_args, mp_obj_t arg_re, mp_obj_t arg_im, uint8_t type) {
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(arg_re, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(arg_re, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_NotImplementedError("FFT is defined for ndarrays only");
+        mp_raise_NotImplementedError(translate("FFT is defined for ndarrays only"));
     } 
     if(n_args == 2) {
-        if(!mp_obj_is_type(arg_im, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+        if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(arg_im, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-            mp_raise_NotImplementedError("FFT is defined for ndarrays only");
+            mp_raise_NotImplementedError(translate("FFT is defined for ndarrays only"));
         }
     }
     // Check if input is of length of power of 2
     ndarray_obj_t *re = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(arg_re);
     uint16_t len = re->array->len;
     if((len & (len-1)) != 0) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("input array length must be power of 2");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input array length must be power of 2"));
     }
     
     ndarray_obj_t *out_re = create_new_ndarray(1, len, NDARRAY_FLOAT);
@@ -108,7 +109,7 @@ mp_obj_t fft_fft_ifft_spectrum(size_t n_args, mp_obj_t arg_re, mp_obj_t arg_im,
     if(n_args == 2) {
         ndarray_obj_t *im = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(arg_im);
         if (re->array->len != im->array->len) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("real and imaginary parts must be of equal length");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("real and imaginary parts must be of equal length"));
         }
         if(im->array->typecode == NDARRAY_FLOAT) {
             memcpy((mp_float_t *)out_im->array->items, (mp_float_t *)im->array->items, im->bytes);

code/linalg.c

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/runtime.h"
 #include "py/misc.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "linalg.h"
 
 mp_obj_t linalg_transpose(mp_obj_t self_in) {
@@ -50,8 +51,8 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_transpose(mp_obj_t self_in) {
 
 mp_obj_t linalg_reshape(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t shape) {
     ndarray_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(shape, &mp_type_tuple) || (MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(mp_obj_len_maybe(shape)) != 2)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(shape, &mp_type_tuple) || (MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(mp_obj_len_maybe(shape)) != 2)) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("shape must be a 2-tuple");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("shape must be a 2-tuple"));
     }
 
     mp_obj_iter_buf_t iter_buf;
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_reshape(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t shape) {
     n = mp_obj_get_int(item);
     if(m*n != self->m*self->n) {
         // TODO: the proper error message would be "cannot reshape array of size %d into shape (%d, %d)"
-        mp_raise_ValueError("cannot reshape array (incompatible input/output shape)");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("cannot reshape array (incompatible input/output shape)"));
     }
     self->m = m;
     self->n = n;
@@ -79,13 +80,13 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_size(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args)
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(1, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
 
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(args[0].u_obj, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("size is defined for ndarrays only");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("size is defined for ndarrays only"));
     } else {
         ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0].u_obj);
         if(args[1].u_obj == mp_const_none) {
             return mp_obj_new_int(ndarray->array->len);
-        } else if(mp_obj_is_int(args[1].u_obj)) {
+        } else if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(args[1].u_obj)) {
             uint8_t ax = mp_obj_get_int(args[1].u_obj);
             if(ax == 0) {
                 if(ndarray->m == 1) {
@@ -95,15 +96,15 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_size(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args)
                 }
             } else if(ax == 1) {
                 if(ndarray->m == 1) {
-                    mp_raise_ValueError("tuple index out of range");
+                    mp_raise_ValueError(translate("tuple index out of range"));
                 } else {
                     return mp_obj_new_int(ndarray->n);
                 }
             } else {
-                    mp_raise_ValueError("tuple index out of range");                
+                    mp_raise_ValueError(translate("tuple index out of range"));                
             }
         } else {
-            mp_raise_TypeError("wrong argument type");
+            mp_raise_TypeError(translate("wrong argument type"));
         }
     }
 }
@@ -152,15 +153,15 @@ bool linalg_invert_matrix(mp_float_t *data, size_t N) {
 
 mp_obj_t linalg_inv(mp_obj_t o_in) {
     // since inv is not a class method, we have to inspect the input argument first
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("only ndarrays can be inverted");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("only ndarrays can be inverted"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *o = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(o_in);
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("only ndarray objects can be inverted");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("only ndarray objects can be inverted"));
     }
     if(o->m != o->n) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("only square matrices can be inverted");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("only square matrices can be inverted"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *inverted = create_new_ndarray(o->m, o->n, NDARRAY_FLOAT);
     mp_float_t *data = (mp_float_t *)inverted->array->items;
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_inv(mp_obj_t o_in) {
         // TODO: I am not sure this is needed here. Otherwise, 
         // how should we free up the unused RAM of inverted?
         m_del(mp_float_t, inverted->array->items, o->n*o->n);
-        mp_raise_ValueError("input matrix is singular");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input matrix is singular"));
     }
     return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(inverted);
 }
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_dot(mp_obj_t _m1, mp_obj_t _m2) {
     ndarray_obj_t *m1 = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(_m1);
     ndarray_obj_t *m2 = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(_m2);    
     if(m1->n != m2->m) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("matrix dimensions do not match");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("matrix dimensions do not match"));
     }
     // TODO: numpy uses upcasting here
     ndarray_obj_t *out = create_new_ndarray(m1->m, m2->n, NDARRAY_FLOAT);
@@ -219,17 +220,17 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_zeros_ones(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw
     mp_arg_parse_all(n_args, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
     
     uint8_t dtype = args[1].u_int;
-    if(!mp_obj_is_int(args[0].u_obj) && !mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &mp_type_tuple)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_INT(args[0].u_obj) && !MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(args[0].u_obj, &mp_type_tuple)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("input argument must be an integer or a 2-tuple");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("input argument must be an integer or a 2-tuple"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = NULL;
-    if(mp_obj_is_int(args[0].u_obj)) {
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(args[0].u_obj)) {
         size_t n = mp_obj_get_int(args[0].u_obj);
         ndarray = create_new_ndarray(1, n, dtype);
-    } else if(mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &mp_type_tuple)) {
+    } else if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(args[0].u_obj, &mp_type_tuple)) {
         mp_obj_tuple_t *tuple = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0].u_obj);
         if(tuple->len != 2) {
-            mp_raise_TypeError("input argument must be an integer or a 2-tuple");            
+            mp_raise_TypeError(translate("input argument must be an integer or a 2-tuple"));            
         }
         ndarray = create_new_ndarray(mp_obj_get_int(tuple->items[0]), 
                                                   mp_obj_get_int(tuple->items[1]), dtype);
@@ -274,16 +275,16 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_eye(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args)
     ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = create_new_ndarray(m, n, dtype);
     mp_obj_t one = mp_obj_new_int(1);
     size_t i = 0;
-    if((k >= 0) && (k < n)) {
+    if((k >= 0) && (abs(k) < n)) {
-        while(k < n) {
+        while(abs(k) < n) {
             mp_binary_set_val_array(dtype, ndarray->array->items, i*n+k, one);
             k++;
             i++;
         }
-    } else if((k < 0) && (-k < m)) {
+    } else if((k < 0) && (abs(k) < m)) {
         k = -k;
         i = 0;
-        while(k < m) {
+        while(abs(k) < m) {
             mp_binary_set_val_array(dtype, ndarray->array->items, k*n+i, one);
             k++;
             i++;
@@ -293,12 +294,12 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_eye(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_args)
 }
 
 mp_obj_t linalg_det(mp_obj_t oin) {
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(oin, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("function defined for ndarrays only");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("function defined for ndarrays only"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(oin);
     if(in->m != in->n) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("input must be square matrix");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input must be square matrix"));
     }
     
     mp_float_t *tmp = m_new(mp_float_t, in->n*in->n);
@@ -330,12 +331,12 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_det(mp_obj_t oin) {
 }
 
 mp_obj_t linalg_eig(mp_obj_t oin) {
-    if(!mp_obj_is_type(oin, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("function defined for ndarrays only");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("function defined for ndarrays only"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(oin);
     if(in->m != in->n) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("input must be square matrix");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input must be square matrix"));
     }
     mp_float_t *array = m_new(mp_float_t, in->array->len);
     for(size_t i=0; i < in->array->len; i++) {
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_eig(mp_obj_t oin) {
             // compare entry (m, n) to (n, m)
             // TODO: this must probably be scaled!
             if(epsilon < MICROPY_FLOAT_C_FUN(fabs)(array[m*in->n + n] - array[n*in->n + m])) {
-                mp_raise_ValueError("input matrix is asymmetric");
+                mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input matrix is asymmetric"));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -440,7 +441,7 @@ mp_obj_t linalg_eig(mp_obj_t oin) {
     if(iterations == 0) { 
         // the computation did not converge; numpy raises LinAlgError
         m_del(mp_float_t, array, in->array->len);
-        mp_raise_ValueError("iterations did not converge");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("iterations did not converge")) ;
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *eigenvalues = create_new_ndarray(1, in->n, NDARRAY_FLOAT);
     mp_float_t *eigvalues = (mp_float_t *)eigenvalues->array->items;

code/ndarray.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "py/binary.h"
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/objtuple.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "ndarray.h"
 
 // This function is copied verbatim from objarray.c
@@ -63,16 +64,15 @@ void fill_array_iterable(mp_float_t *array, mp_obj_t iterable) {
 
 void ndarray_print_row(const mp_print_t *print, mp_obj_array_t *data, size_t n0, size_t n) {
     mp_print_str(print, "[");
-    size_t i;
     if(n < PRINT_MAX) { // if the array is short, print everything
         mp_obj_print_helper(print, mp_binary_get_val_array(data->typecode, data->items, n0), PRINT_REPR);
-        for(i=1; i<n; i++) {
+        for(size_t i=1; i<n; i++) {
             mp_print_str(print, ", ");
             mp_obj_print_helper(print, mp_binary_get_val_array(data->typecode, data->items, n0+i), PRINT_REPR);
         }
     } else {
         mp_obj_print_helper(print, mp_binary_get_val_array(data->typecode, data->items, n0), PRINT_REPR);
-        for(i=1; i<3; i++) {
+        for(size_t i=1; i<3; i++) {
             mp_print_str(print, ", ");
             mp_obj_print_helper(print, mp_binary_get_val_array(data->typecode, data->items, n0+i), PRINT_REPR);
         }
@@ -164,16 +164,19 @@ STATIC uint8_t ndarray_init_helper(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_m
     return dtype;
 }
 
-mp_obj_t ndarray_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw, const mp_obj_t *args) {
+mp_obj_t ndarray_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *args, mp_map_t *kw_args) {
-    mp_arg_check_num(n_args, n_kw, 1, 2, true);
+    mp_arg_check_num(n_args, kw_args, 1, 2, true);
-    mp_map_t kw_args;
+    size_t n_kw = 0;
-    mp_map_init_fixed_table(&kw_args, n_kw, args + n_args);
+    if (kw_args != 0) {
-    uint8_t dtype = ndarray_init_helper(n_args, args, &kw_args);
+        n_kw = kw_args->used;
+    }
+    mp_map_init_fixed_table(kw_args, n_kw, args + n_args);
+    uint8_t dtype = ndarray_init_helper(n_args, args, kw_args);
 
     size_t len1, len2=0, i=0;
     mp_obj_t len_in = mp_obj_len_maybe(args[0]);
     if (len_in == MP_OBJ_NULL) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("first argument must be an iterable");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("first argument must be an iterable"));
     } else {
         // len1 is either the number of rows (for matrices), or the number of elements (row vectors)
         len1 = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(len_in);
@@ -188,8 +191,9 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *type, size_t n_args, size_t n_kw,
         if(len_in != MP_OBJ_NULL) { // indeed, this seems to be an iterable
             // Next, we have to check, whether all elements in the outer loop have the same length
             if(i > 0) {
-                if(len2 != MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(len_in)) {
+                size_t temp = abs(MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(len_in));
-                    mp_raise_ValueError("iterables are not of the same length");
+                if(len2 != temp) {
+                    mp_raise_ValueError(translate("iterables are not of the same length"));
                 }
             }
             len2 = MP_OBJ_SMALL_INT_VALUE(len_in);
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ size_t true_length(mp_obj_t bool_list) {
     mp_obj_t item, iterable = mp_getiter(bool_list, &iter_buf);
     size_t trues = 0;
     while((item = mp_iternext(iterable)) != MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION) {
-        if(!mp_obj_is_type(item, &mp_type_bool)) {
+        if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(item, &mp_type_bool)) {
             // numpy seems to be a little bit inconsistent in when an index is considered
             // to be True/False. Bail out immediately, if the items are not True/False
             return 0;
@@ -248,19 +252,19 @@ mp_bound_slice_t generate_slice(mp_uint_t n, mp_obj_t index) {
     mp_bound_slice_t slice;
     if(mp_obj_is_type(index, &mp_type_slice)) {
         mp_seq_get_fast_slice_indexes(n, index, &slice);
-    } else if(mp_obj_is_int(index)) {
+    } else if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(index)) {
-        int32_t _index = mp_obj_get_int(index);
+        uint32_t _index = mp_obj_get_int(index);
         if(_index < 0) {
             _index += n;
         } 
         if((_index >= n) || (_index < 0)) {
-            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, "index is out of bounds");
+            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, translate("index is out of bounds"));
         }
         slice.start = _index;
         slice.stop = _index + 1;
         slice.step = 1;
     } else {
-        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, "indices must be integers, slices, or Boolean lists");
+        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, translate("indices must be integers, slices, or Boolean lists"));
     }
     return slice;
 }
@@ -290,7 +294,7 @@ mp_obj_t insert_slice_list(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, size_t m, size_t n,
                             ndarray_obj_t *values) {
     if((m != values->m) && (n != values->n)) {
         if((values->array->len != 1)) { // not a single item
-            mp_raise_ValueError("could not broadast input array from shape");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("could not broadast input array from shape"));
         }
     }
     size_t cindex, rindex;
@@ -352,7 +356,8 @@ mp_obj_t insert_slice_list(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, size_t m, size_t n,
         } else { // columns are indexed by a list
             mp_obj_iter_buf_t column_iter_buf;
             mp_obj_t column_item, column_iterable;
-            size_t j = 0, cindex = 0;
+            size_t j = 0; 
+            cindex = 0;
             while((row_item = mp_iternext(row_iterable)) != MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION) {
                 if(mp_obj_is_true(row_item)) {
                     column_iterable = mp_getiter(column_list, &column_iter_buf);                   
@@ -377,7 +382,7 @@ mp_obj_t iterate_slice_list(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, size_t m, size_t n,
                             mp_obj_t row_list, mp_obj_t column_list, 
                             ndarray_obj_t *values) {
     if((m == 0) || (n == 0)) {
-        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, "empty index range");
+        mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, translate("empty index range"));
     }
 
     if(values != NULL) {
@@ -438,7 +443,8 @@ mp_obj_t iterate_slice_list(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, size_t m, size_t n,
         } else { // columns are indexed by a list
             mp_obj_iter_buf_t column_iter_buf;
             mp_obj_t column_item, column_iterable;
-            size_t j = 0, cindex = 0;
+            size_t j = 0;
+            cindex = 0;
             while((row_item = mp_iternext(row_iterable)) != MP_OBJ_STOP_ITERATION) {
                 if(mp_obj_is_true(row_item)) {
                     column_iterable = mp_getiter(column_list, &column_iter_buf);                   
@@ -462,7 +468,7 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_get_slice(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, mp_obj_t index, ndarray_obj_t
     mp_bound_slice_t row_slice = simple_slice(0, 0, 1), column_slice = simple_slice(0, 0, 1);
 
     size_t m = 0, n = 0;
-    if(mp_obj_is_int(index) && (ndarray->m == 1) && (values == NULL)) { 
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(index) && (ndarray->m == 1) && (values == NULL)) { 
         // we have a row vector, and don't want to assign
         column_slice = generate_slice(ndarray->n, index);
         if(slice_length(column_slice) == 1) { // we were asked for a single item
@@ -471,7 +477,7 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_get_slice(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, mp_obj_t index, ndarray_obj_t
         }
     }
     
-    if(mp_obj_is_int(index) || mp_obj_is_type(index, &mp_type_slice)) {
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(index) || MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(index, &mp_type_slice)) {
         if(ndarray->m == 1) { // we have a row vector
             column_slice = generate_slice(ndarray->n, index);
             row_slice = simple_slice(0, 1, 1);
@@ -495,15 +501,15 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_get_slice(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, mp_obj_t index, ndarray_obj_t
     else { // we certainly have a tuple, so let us deal with it
         mp_obj_tuple_t *tuple = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(index);
         if(tuple->len != 2) {
-            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, "too many indices");
+            mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, translate("too many indices"));
         }
-        if(!(mp_obj_is_type(tuple->items[0], &mp_type_list) || 
+        if(!(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(tuple->items[0], &mp_type_list) || 
-            mp_obj_is_type(tuple->items[0], &mp_type_slice) || 
+            MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(tuple->items[0], &mp_type_slice) || 
-            mp_obj_is_int(tuple->items[0])) || 
+            MP_OBJ_IS_INT(tuple->items[0])) || 
-           !(mp_obj_is_type(tuple->items[1], &mp_type_list) || 
+           !(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(tuple->items[1], &mp_type_list) || 
-            mp_obj_is_type(tuple->items[1], &mp_type_slice) || 
+            MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(tuple->items[1], &mp_type_slice) || 
-            mp_obj_is_int(tuple->items[1]))) {
+            MP_OBJ_IS_INT(tuple->items[1]))) {
-                mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, "indices must be integers, slices, or Boolean lists");
+                mp_raise_msg(&mp_type_IndexError, translate("indices must be integers, slices, or Boolean lists"));
         }
         if(mp_obj_is_type(tuple->items[0], &mp_type_list)) { // rows are indexed by Boolean list
             m = true_length(tuple->items[0]);
@@ -542,12 +548,12 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_subscr(mp_obj_t self_in, mp_obj_t index, mp_obj_t value) {
     if (value == MP_OBJ_SENTINEL) { // return value(s)
         return ndarray_get_slice(self, index, NULL);    
     } else { // assignment to slices; the value must be an ndarray, or a scalar
-        if(!mp_obj_is_type(value, &ulab_ndarray_type) && 
+        if(!MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(value, &ulab_ndarray_type) && 
-          !mp_obj_is_int(value) && !mp_obj_is_float(value)) {
+          !MP_OBJ_IS_INT(value) && !mp_obj_is_float(value)) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("right hand side must be an ndarray, or a scalar");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("right hand side must be an ndarray, or a scalar"));
         } else {
             ndarray_obj_t *values = NULL;
-            if(mp_obj_is_int(value)) {
+            if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(value)) {
                 values = create_new_ndarray(1, 1, self->array->typecode);
                 mp_binary_set_val_array(values->array->typecode, values->array->items, 0, value);   
             } else if(mp_obj_is_float(value)) {
@@ -655,7 +661,7 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_flatten(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_a
     
     GET_STR_DATA_LEN(args[0].u_obj, order, len);    
     if((len != 1) || ((memcmp(order, "C", 1) != 0) && (memcmp(order, "F", 1) != 0))) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("flattening order must be either 'C', or 'F'");        
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("flattening order must be either 'C', or 'F'"));        
     }
 
     // if order == 'C', we simply have to set m, and n, there is nothing else to do
@@ -694,7 +700,7 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs, mp_obj_t rhs) {
     // TODO: implement in-place operators
     mp_obj_t RHS = MP_OBJ_NULL;
     bool rhs_is_scalar = true;
-    if(mp_obj_is_int(rhs)) {
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_INT(rhs)) {
         int32_t ivalue = mp_obj_get_int(rhs);
         if((ivalue > 0) && (ivalue < 256)) {
             CREATE_SINGLE_ITEM(RHS, uint8_t, NDARRAY_UINT8, ivalue);
@@ -715,12 +721,12 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs, mp_obj_t rhs) {
         rhs_is_scalar = false;
     }
     //else 
-    if(mp_obj_is_type(lhs, &ulab_ndarray_type) && mp_obj_is_type(RHS, &ulab_ndarray_type)) { 
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(lhs, &ulab_ndarray_type) && MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(RHS, &ulab_ndarray_type)) { 
         // next, the ndarray stuff
         ndarray_obj_t *ol = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(lhs);
         ndarray_obj_t *or = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(RHS);
         if(!rhs_is_scalar && ((ol->m != or->m) || (ol->n != or->n))) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("operands could not be broadcast together");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("operands could not be broadcast together"));
         }
         // At this point, the operands should have the same shape
         switch(op) {
@@ -823,7 +829,7 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs, mp_obj_t rhs) {
                         RUN_BINARY_LOOP(NDARRAY_FLOAT, mp_float_t, mp_float_t, mp_float_t, ol, or, op);
                     }
                 } else { // this should never happen
-                    mp_raise_TypeError("wrong input type");
+                    mp_raise_TypeError(translate("wrong input type"));
                 }
                 // this instruction should never be reached, but we have to make the compiler happy
                 return MP_OBJ_NULL; 
@@ -831,13 +837,18 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t op, mp_obj_t lhs, mp_obj_t rhs) {
                 return MP_OBJ_NULL; // op not supported                                                        
         }
     } else {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("wrong operand type on the right hand side");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("wrong operand type on the right hand side"));
     }
 }
 
 mp_obj_t ndarray_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
     ndarray_obj_t *self = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(self_in);
     ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = NULL;
+    uint8_t *array8u;
+    int8_t *array8i;
+    uint16_t *array16u;
+    int16_t *array16i;
+    mp_float_t *arraymp;
     switch (op) {
         case MP_UNARY_OP_LEN: 
             if(self->m > 1) {
@@ -849,33 +860,33 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
         
         case MP_UNARY_OP_INVERT:
             if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_FLOAT) {
-                mp_raise_ValueError("operation is not supported for given type");
+                mp_raise_ValueError(translate("operation is not supported for given type"));
             }
             // we can invert the content byte by byte, there is no need to distinguish 
             // between different typecodes
             ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(ndarray_copy(self_in));
-            uint8_t *array = (uint8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+            array8u = (uint8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-            for(size_t i=0; i < self->bytes; i++) array[i] = ~array[i];
+            for(size_t i=0; i < self->bytes; i++) array8u[i] = ~array8u[i];
             return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(ndarray);
             break;
         
         case MP_UNARY_OP_NEGATIVE:
             ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(ndarray_copy(self_in));
             if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_UINT8) {
-                uint8_t *array = (uint8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array8u = (uint8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array[i] = -array[i];
+                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array8u[i] = -array8u[i];
             } else if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT8) {
-                int8_t *array = (int8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array8i = (int8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array[i] = -array[i];
+                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array8i[i] = -array8i[i];
             } else if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_UINT16) {                
-                uint16_t *array = (uint16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array16u = (uint16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array[i] = -array[i];
+                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array16u[i] = -array16u[i];
             } else if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT16) {
-                int16_t *array = (int16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array16i = (int16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array[i] = -array[i];
+                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array16i[i] = -array16i[i];
             } else {
-                mp_float_t *array = (mp_float_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                arraymp = (mp_float_t *)ndarray->array->items;
-                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) array[i] = -array[i];
+                for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) arraymp[i] = -arraymp[i];
             }
             return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(ndarray);
             break;
@@ -888,20 +899,20 @@ mp_obj_t ndarray_unary_op(mp_unary_op_t op, mp_obj_t self_in) {
                 return ndarray_copy(self_in);
             }
             ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(ndarray_copy(self_in));
-            if((self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT8)) {
+            if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT8) {
-                int8_t *array = (int8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array8i = (int8_t *)ndarray->array->items;
                 for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) {
-                    if(array[i] < 0) array[i] = -array[i];
+                    if(array8i[i] < 0) array8i[i] = -array8i[i];
                 }
-            } else if((self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT16)) {
+            } else if(self->array->typecode == NDARRAY_INT16) {
-                int16_t *array = (int16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                array16i = (int16_t *)ndarray->array->items;
                 for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) {
-                    if(array[i] < 0) array[i] = -array[i];
+                    if(array16i[i] < 0) array16i[i] = -array16i[i];
                 }
             } else {
-                mp_float_t *array = (mp_float_t *)ndarray->array->items;
+                arraymp = (mp_float_t *)ndarray->array->items;
                 for(size_t i=0; i < self->array->len; i++) {
-                    if(array[i] < 0) array[i] = -array[i];
+                    if(arraymp[i] < 0) arraymp[i] = -arraymp[i];
                 }                
             }
             return MP_OBJ_FROM_PTR(ndarray);

code/ndarray.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #define FLOAT_TYPECODE 'd'
 #endif
 
-extern const mp_obj_type_t ulab_ndarray_type;
+const mp_obj_type_t ulab_ndarray_type;
 
 enum NDARRAY_TYPE {
     NDARRAY_UINT8 = 'B',
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ void ndarray_assign_elements(mp_obj_array_t *, mp_obj_t , uint8_t , size_t *);
 ndarray_obj_t *create_new_ndarray(size_t , size_t , uint8_t );
 
 mp_obj_t ndarray_copy(mp_obj_t );
-mp_obj_t ndarray_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *, size_t , size_t , const mp_obj_t *);
+mp_obj_t ndarray_make_new(const mp_obj_type_t *, size_t, const mp_obj_t *, mp_map_t *);
 mp_obj_t ndarray_subscr(mp_obj_t , mp_obj_t , mp_obj_t );
 mp_obj_t ndarray_getiter(mp_obj_t , mp_obj_iter_buf_t *);
 mp_obj_t ndarray_binary_op(mp_binary_op_t , mp_obj_t , mp_obj_t );

code/numerical.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "py/runtime.h"
 #include "py/builtin.h"
 #include "py/misc.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "numerical.h"
 
 enum NUMERICAL_FUNCTION_TYPE {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_linspace(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *k
 
     uint16_t len = args[2].u_int;
     if(len < 2) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("number of points must be at least 2");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("number of points must be at least 2"));
     }
     mp_float_t value, step;
     value = mp_obj_get_float(args[0].u_obj);
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_std_ndarray(ndarray_obj_t *ndarray, mp_obj_t axis, size_t ddo
     
     axis_sorter(ndarray, axis, &m, &n, &N, &increment, &len, &start_inc);
     if(ddof > len) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("ddof must be smaller than length of data set");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("ddof must be smaller than length of data set"));
     }
     ndarray_obj_t *results = create_new_ndarray(m, n, NDARRAY_FLOAT);
     mp_float_t *farray = (mp_float_t *)results->array->items;
@@ -263,7 +264,7 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t numerical_function(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_m
     mp_obj_t axis = args[1].u_obj;
     if((axis != mp_const_none) && (mp_obj_get_int(axis) != 0) && (mp_obj_get_int(axis) != 1)) {
         // this seems to pass with False, and True...
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be None, 0, or 1");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be None, 0, or 1"));
     }
     
     if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &mp_type_tuple) || MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &mp_type_list) || 
@@ -292,10 +293,10 @@ STATIC mp_obj_t numerical_function(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_m
             case NUMERICAL_MEAN:
                 return numerical_sum_mean_ndarray(ndarray, axis, optype);
             default:
-                mp_raise_NotImplementedError("operation is not implemented on ndarrays");
+                mp_raise_NotImplementedError(translate("operation is not implemented on ndarrays"));
         }
     } else {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("input must be tuple, list, range, or ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("input must be tuple, list, range, or ndarray"));
     }
     return mp_const_none;
 }
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_std(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_arg
     size_t ddof = args[2].u_int;
     if((axis != mp_const_none) && (mp_obj_get_int(axis) != 0) && (mp_obj_get_int(axis) != 1)) {
         // this seems to pass with False, and True...
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be None, 0, or 1");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be None, 0, or 1"));
     }
     if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &mp_type_tuple) || MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &mp_type_list) || MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(oin, &mp_type_range)) {
         return numerical_sum_mean_std_iterable(oin, NUMERICAL_STD, ddof);
@@ -347,7 +348,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_std(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_arg
         ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(oin);
         return numerical_std_ndarray(ndarray, axis, ddof);
     } else {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("input must be tuple, list, range, or ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("input must be tuple, list, range, or ndarray"));
     }
     return mp_const_none;
 }
@@ -367,7 +368,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_roll(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_ar
     if((args[2].u_obj != mp_const_none) && 
            (mp_obj_get_int(args[2].u_obj) != 0) && 
            (mp_obj_get_int(args[2].u_obj) != 1)) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be None, 0, or 1");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be None, 0, or 1"));
     }
 
     ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(oin);
@@ -442,12 +443,12 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_flip(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_ar
     mp_arg_parse_all(1, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
     
     if(!mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("flip argument must be an ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("flip argument must be an ndarray"));
     }
     if((args[1].u_obj != mp_const_none) && 
            (mp_obj_get_int(args[1].u_obj) != 0) && 
            (mp_obj_get_int(args[1].u_obj) != 1)) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be None, 0, or 1");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be None, 0, or 1"));
     }
 
     ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0].u_obj);
@@ -490,7 +491,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_diff(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_ar
     mp_arg_parse_all(1, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
     
     if(!mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("diff argument must be an ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("diff argument must be an ndarray"));
     }
     
     ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0].u_obj);
@@ -500,10 +501,10 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_diff(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_ar
     } else if(args[2].u_int == 0) { // differtiate along vertical axis
         increment = in->n;
     } else {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be -1, 0, or 1");        
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be -1, 0, or 1"));        
     }
     if((args[1].u_int < 0) || (args[1].u_int > 9)) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("n must be between 0, and 9");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("n must be between 0, and 9"));
     }
     uint8_t n = args[1].u_int;
     int8_t *stencil = m_new(int8_t, n+1);
@@ -549,7 +550,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_diff(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw_ar
 
 mp_obj_t numerical_sort_helper(mp_obj_t oin, mp_obj_t axis, uint8_t inplace) {
     if(!mp_obj_is_type(oin, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("sort argument must be an ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("sort argument must be an ndarray"));
     }
 
     ndarray_obj_t *ndarray;
@@ -580,7 +581,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_sort_helper(mp_obj_t oin, mp_obj_t axis, uint8_t inplace) {
         end = ndarray->m;
         N = ndarray->m;
     } else {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be -1, 0, None, or 1");        
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be -1, 0, None, or 1"));        
     }
     
     size_t q, k, p, c;
@@ -636,7 +637,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_argsort(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw
     mp_arg_val_t args[MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args)];
     mp_arg_parse_all(1, pos_args, kw_args, MP_ARRAY_SIZE(allowed_args), allowed_args, args);
     if(!mp_obj_is_type(args[0].u_obj, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
-        mp_raise_TypeError("argsort argument must be an ndarray");
+        mp_raise_TypeError(translate("argsort argument must be an ndarray"));
     }
 
     ndarray_obj_t *ndarray = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(args[0].u_obj);
@@ -666,7 +667,7 @@ mp_obj_t numerical_argsort(size_t n_args, const mp_obj_t *pos_args, mp_map_t *kw
         end = m;
         N = m;
     } else {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("axis must be -1, 0, None, or 1");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("axis must be -1, 0, None, or 1"));
     }
 
     // at the expense of flash, we could save RAM by creating 

code/poly.c

@@ -11,23 +11,24 @@
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/runtime.h"
 #include "py/objarray.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "ndarray.h"
 #include "linalg.h"
 #include "poly.h"
 
 
 bool object_is_nditerable(mp_obj_t o_in) {
-    if(mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type) || 
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type) || 
-      mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &mp_type_tuple) || 
+      MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &mp_type_tuple) || 
-      mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &mp_type_list) || 
+      MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &mp_type_list) || 
-      mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &mp_type_range)) {
+      MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &mp_type_range)) {
         return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
 size_t get_nditerable_len(mp_obj_t o_in) {
-    if(mp_obj_is_type(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
+    if(MP_OBJ_IS_TYPE(o_in, &ulab_ndarray_type)) {
         ndarray_obj_t *in = MP_OBJ_TO_PTR(o_in);
         return in->array->len;
     } else {
@@ -84,10 +85,10 @@ mp_obj_t poly_polyval(mp_obj_t o_p, mp_obj_t o_x) {
 
 mp_obj_t poly_polyfit(size_t  n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
     if((n_args != 2) && (n_args != 3)) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("number of arguments must be 2, or 3");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("number of arguments must be 2, or 3"));
     }
     if(!object_is_nditerable(args[0])) {
-        mp_raise_ValueError("input data must be an iterable");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input data must be an iterable"));
     }
     uint16_t lenx, leny;
     uint8_t deg;
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ mp_obj_t poly_polyfit(size_t  n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
         leny = (uint16_t)mp_obj_get_int(mp_obj_len_maybe(args[0]));
         deg = (uint8_t)mp_obj_get_int(args[1]);
         if(leny < deg) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("more degrees of freedom than data points");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("more degrees of freedom than data points"));
         }
         lenx = leny;
         x = m_new(mp_float_t, lenx); // assume uniformly spaced data points
@@ -112,11 +113,11 @@ mp_obj_t poly_polyfit(size_t  n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
         lenx = (uint16_t)mp_obj_get_int(mp_obj_len_maybe(args[0]));
         leny = (uint16_t)mp_obj_get_int(mp_obj_len_maybe(args[0]));
         if(lenx != leny) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("input vectors must be of equal length");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("input vectors must be of equal length"));
         }
         deg = (uint8_t)mp_obj_get_int(args[2]);
         if(leny < deg) {
-            mp_raise_ValueError("more degrees of freedom than data points");
+            mp_raise_ValueError(translate("more degrees of freedom than data points"));
         }
         x = m_new(mp_float_t, lenx);
         fill_array_iterable(x, args[0]);
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ mp_obj_t poly_polyfit(size_t  n_args, const mp_obj_t *args) {
         m_del(mp_float_t, x, lenx);
         m_del(mp_float_t, y, lenx);
         m_del(mp_float_t, prod, (deg+1)*(deg+1));
-        mp_raise_ValueError("could not invert Vandermonde matrix");
+        mp_raise_ValueError(translate("could not invert Vandermonde matrix"));
     } 
     // at this point, we have the inverse of X^T * X
     // y is a column vector; x is free now, we can use it for storing intermediate values

code/ulab.c

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/objarray.h"
 
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "ndarray.h"
 #include "linalg.h"
 #include "vectorise.h"

code/vectorise.c

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "py/binary.h"
 #include "py/obj.h"
 #include "py/objarray.h"
+#include "compat.h"
 #include "vectorise.h"
 
 #ifndef MP_PI