Add more complete documentation

.gitignore

@@ -12,3 +12,5 @@ __pycache__
 *,cover
 /.reuse
 __version__.py
+/docs/_build
+/.idea

docs/_ext/custom_autodoc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+"""Sphinx extension to remove the first line from module docstrings."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+
+
+def remove_first_line_in_module_docstring(
+    _app: Sphinx,
+    what: str,
+    _name: str,
+    _obj: Any,
+    _options: Any,
+    lines: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Remove the first line from the docstring.
+
+    This is because the first line of the docstring is summed up in the
+    document title, before the module autodoc.
+    """
+    if what != "module" or not lines:
+        return
+
+    for i in range(1, len(lines)):
+        if not lines[i]:
+            lines[: i + 1] = []
+            return
+
+    lines[:] = []
+
+
+def setup(app: Sphinx) -> None:
+    """Set up the extension."""
+    app.connect(
+        "autodoc-process-docstring",
+        remove_first_line_in_module_docstring,
+    )

docs/code.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+Code reference
+==============
+
+If you are looking for information on a specific function, class or method,
+this part of the documentation is for you.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 1
+
+    code/leapseconddata

docs/code/leapseconddata.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+``leapseconddata`` -- main namespace for the project
+====================================================
+
+.. automodule:: leapseconddata

docs/conf.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import sys
 import pathlib
 
 sys.path.insert(0, str(pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent))
+sys.path.append(str(pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "_ext"))
 
 # Define the canonical URL if you are using a custom domain on Read the Docs
 html_baseurl = os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS_CANONICAL_URL", "")
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ if os.environ.get("READTHEDOCS", "") == "True":
 # -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------
 
 project = 'leapseconddata'
-copyright = '2021, Jeff Epler'
+copyright = '2021-2024, Jeff Epler'
 author = 'Jeff Epler'
 
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags
@@ -43,6 +44,9 @@ release = '1.1.0'
 # ones.
 extensions = [
     'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+    'sphinx.ext.todo',
+    'custom_autodoc',
 ]
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
@@ -51,7 +55,10 @@ templates_path = ['_templates']
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
 # This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', '_env']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', '_env', '.license']
+
+# Show the contents of todo directives.
+todo_include_todos = True
 
 
 # -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------
@@ -66,8 +73,22 @@ html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
 html_static_path = ['_static']
 
+intersphinx_mapping = {
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+}
+
 autodoc_typehints = "description"
+autodoc_typehints_format = "short"
 autodoc_class_signature = "separated"
+autodoc_default_options = {
+    "members": True,
+    "undoc-members": True,
+    "inherited-members": False,
+    "special-members": False,
+    "exclude-members": "__init__",
+    "show-inheritance": True,
+}
+autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
 
 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Jeff Epler
 #

docs/developer-guides.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+Developer guides
+================
+
+This section consists of multiple guides for solving specific problems,
+targeted towards developers using the component.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    developer-guides/obtaining-leap-seconds
+    developer-guides/converting-tai-to-utc
+    developer-guides/converting-utc-to-tai
+    developer-guides/checking-if-date-is-leap.rst

docs/developer-guides/check-date-leap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from datetime import date, timedelta
+
+from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+my_date = date(2015, 12, 31)
+data = LeapSecondData.from_standard_source()
+
+for leap in data.leap_seconds:
+    time = leap.start - timedelta(seconds=1)
+    if my_date.year == time.year and my_date.month == time.month and my_date.day == time.day:
+        print(f"{my_date} has a leap second!")
+        break
+else:
+    print(f"{my_date} does not have a leap second.")

docs/developer-guides/check-date-leap.py.license

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
+# Placed in a separate file so that it does not appear in the produced docs.

docs/developer-guides/checking-if-date-is-leap.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+Checking if a date has a leap second
+====================================
+
+In order to check if a date has a leap second, you must first
+obtain the leap second data by using one of the methods described
+in :ref:`devguide-obtaining-leaps`. Then, you can iterate over
+the fetched leap seconds to check for the date.
+
+For example, in order to check if December 31st, 2016 has a leap
+second, you can use the following code:
+
+.. literalinclude:: check-date-leap.py
+
+The output of this program is the following:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+    2016-12-31 has a leap second!

docs/developer-guides/convert-tai-to-utc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData, tai
+
+my_date = datetime(2024, 7, 18, 22, 0, 37, tzinfo=tai)
+data = LeapSecondData.from_standard_source()
+
+my_tai_date = data.tai_to_utc(my_date)
+print(my_tai_date.isoformat())

docs/developer-guides/convert-tai-to-utc.py.license

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
+# Placed in a separate file so that it does not appear in the produced docs.

docs/developer-guides/convert-utc-to-tai.py

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from datetime import UTC, datetime
+
+from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+my_date = datetime(2024, 7, 18, 22, 0, 0, tzinfo=UTC)
+data = LeapSecondData.from_standard_source()
+
+my_tai_date = data.to_tai(my_date)
+print(my_tai_date.isoformat())

docs/developer-guides/convert-utc-to-tai.py.license

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
+# Placed in a separate file so that it does not appear in the produced docs.

docs/developer-guides/converting-tai-to-utc.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+Converting a TAI date and time to UTC
+=====================================
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: leapseconddata
+
+In order to convert a TAI date and time to UTC, you must first
+obtain the leap second data by using one of the methods described
+in :ref:`devguide-obtaining-leaps`. Then, you can use the
+:py:meth:`LeapSecondData.tai_to_utc` method to convert the date and time.
+
+For example:
+
+.. literalinclude:: convert-tai-to-utc.py
+
+This program will provide you with the following output:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+    2024-07-18T22:00:00g+00:00

docs/developer-guides/converting-utc-to-tai.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+Converting a UTC date and time to TAI
+=====================================
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: leapseconddata
+
+In order to convert a UTC date and time to TAI, you must first
+obtain the leap second data by using one of the methods described
+in :ref:`devguide-obtaining-leaps`. Then, you can use the
+:py:meth:`LeapSecondData.to_tai` method to convert the date and time.
+
+For example:
+
+.. literalinclude:: convert-utc-to-tai.py
+
+This program will provide you with the following output:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+    2024-07-18T22:00:37+00:00

docs/developer-guides/obtaining-leap-seconds.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+.. _devguide-obtaining-leaps:
+
+Obtaining a list of leap seconds
+================================
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: leapseconddata
+
+In order to obtain the current leap second list, you must use one of
+:py:class:`LeapSecondData` ``from_*`` class methods.
+
+Using the first available standard source
+-----------------------------------------
+
+If you do not have any particular restrictions on your Internet access,
+you can try the "magic" method :py:meth:`LeapSecondData.from_standard_source`,
+which will try known local then network sources:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+    data = LeapSecondData.from_standard_source()
+    ...
+
+Using a custom file source
+--------------------------
+
+If you have a custom path for the ``leap-seconds.list`` the module can use,
+you can use the :py:meth:`LeapSecondData.from_file` method. For example,
+if your file is located at ``/etc/my-program/leap-seconds.list``:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+    data = LeapSecondData.from_file("/etc/my-program/leap-seconds.list")
+
+Using a custom URL
+------------------
+
+If you have restrictions on your Internet access and can only access the
+file from a specific URL available to your machine, you can use
+:py:meth:`LeapSecondData.from_url`:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+    data = LeapSecondData.from_url("https://tz.example/leap-seconds.list")
+
+You can also still try local sources before your custom URL, by using
+:py:meth:`LeapSecondData.from_standard_source` with the ``custom_sources``
+keyword parameter set:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from leapseconddata import LeapSecondData
+
+    data = LeapSecondData.from_standard_source(
+        custom_sources=["https://tz.example/leap-seconds.list"],
+    )

docs/guides.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+General guides
+==============
+
+This section consists of multiple guides for solving specific problems.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    guides/install

docs/guides/install.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+.. _guide-install:
+
+Installing leapseconddata
+=========================
+
+In order to install leapseconddata, the instructions may depend on the system
+you want to install it on.
+
+pip (generic)
+-------------
+
+leapseconddata can be installed via ``pip``::
+
+    pip install leapseconddata

docs/index.rst

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 .. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2021 Jeff Epler
-..
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
 .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
 
-leapseconddata
-==============
+leapseconddata |version|
+========================
 
 .. image:: https://github.com/jepler/leapseconddata/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg
     :target: https://github.com/jepler/leapseconddata/actions/workflows/test.yml
@@ -13,10 +13,54 @@ leapseconddata
     :target: https://pypi.org/project/leapseconddata
     :alt: PyPI
 
+This module allows you to download and extract leap second data from
+various trusted sources, both offline and online, in order to:
+
+* Convert dates and times between TAI and UTC;
+* Determine if a date has an extra second at the end in UTC.
+
+You can also find the project in the following locations:
+
+* `jelper/leapseconddata repository on Github
+  <https://github.com/jepler/leapseconddata>`_;
+* `leapseconddata project on PyPI
+  <https://pypi.org/project/leapseconddata/>`_.
+
+The project’s code and documentation contents are licensed under GNU General
+Public License version 3.
+
+How-to guides
+-------------
+
+These sections provide guides, i.e. recipes, targeted towards various actors.
+They guide you through the steps involved in addressing key problems
+and use-cases.
 
 .. toctree::
-   :maxdepth: 2
-   :caption: Contents:
+    :maxdepth: 3
 
-.. automodule:: leapseconddata
-   :members:
+    guides
+    developer-guides
+
+Discussion topics
+-----------------
+
+These sections discuss key topics and concepts at a fairly high level, and
+provide useful background information and explanation.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 3
+
+    topics
+
+References
+----------
+
+These sections provide technical reference for APIs and other aspects of
+the project's machinery. They go into detail, and therefore, assume you
+have a basic understanding of key concepts.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    code

docs/topics.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+General topics
+==============
+
+These topics explore general concepts behind the project.
+
+.. toctree::
+    :maxdepth: 2
+
+    topics/leap-seconds
+    topics/leap-second-distribution

docs/topics/leap-second-distribution.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+How is leap second data distributed?
+====================================
+
+Leap seconds are announced **every six months** by the IERS in the
+`Bulletin C publications`_:
+
+* On beginning of January if they are introduced on June 30th (UTC);
+* On beginning of July if they are introduced in December 31st (UTC).
+
+For example:
+
+* `Bulletin C 52`_, published on July 6th, 2016, announces a leap
+  second will be introduced on December 31st, 2016 (UTC).
+* `Bulletin C 67`_, published on July 4th, 2024, announces **no**
+  leap second will be introduced on June 30th, 2024 (UTC).
+
+The IERS also distributes a file named ``leap-seconds.list``, at the
+following URL::
+
+    https://hpiers.obspm.fr/iers/bul/bulc/ntp/leap-seconds.list
+
+From here, there are multiple approaches to how systems can receive
+the information, in order to display the time correctly:
+
+* NTP supports informing clients of minutes with a leap second.
+  See `The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds`_ for more information;
+* Debian and derivatives distribute the file provided by the IERS, as
+  well as some commodities, through the tzdata_ package.
+  This file is available at ``/usr/share/zoneinfo/leap-seconds.list``;
+* FreeBSD's ntpd has a ntpleapfetch_ command that fetches ``leap-seconds.list``
+  file, and stores it in ``/var/db/ntpd.leap-seconds.list``.
+* Programs can fetch the file directly from network sources, if the network
+  is not restricted.
+
+If using :py:meth:`LeapSecondData.from_standard_source`, ``leapseconddata``
+will use local sources if available, and official network sources if
+not found.
+
+.. _Bulletin C publications:
+    https://datacenter.iers.org/availableVersions.php?id=16
+.. _Bulletin C 52:
+    https://datacenter.iers.org/data/16/bulletinc-052.txt
+.. _Bulletin C 67:
+    https://datacenter.iers.org/data/16/bulletinc-067.txt
+.. _The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds: https://www.ntp.org/reflib/leap/
+.. _tzdata: https://salsa.debian.org/glibc-team/tzdata
+.. _ntpleapfetch: https://docs.ntpsec.org/latest/ntpleapfetch.html

docs/topics/leap-seconds.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+.. SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Thomas Touhey
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-only
+
+What are leap seconds?
+======================
+
+`Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) <UTC_>`_ is a time standard based on two
+other standards, `International Atomic Time (TAI) <TAI_>`_ and
+`Universal Time (UT1) <UT1_>`_. It aims at being at a whole second offset
+from TAI, while keeping UTC and UT1 within 0.9 seconds of each other.
+
+In order to accomplish that, UTC bases itself on TAI, and gets `leap seconds`_
+added to it when considered necessary by the `International Earth Rotation
+Service (IERS) <IERS_>`_, in a semi-annually published bulletin called
+`Bulletin C`_ which announces whether or not a leap second is inserted
+in June 30th and/or December 31st, meaning the UTC clock may reach ``23:59:60``
+on these dates.
+
+.. note::
+
+    With timezones, the leap second may not be inserted at ``23:59``, but
+    at another time. For example:
+
+    * In France, using Central European Time (CET, UTC+01:00), the leap second
+      was inserted on January 1st, 2017, at ``00:59:60``.
+    * In Australia, using Australian Western Central Standard Time (AWCST,
+      UTC+08:45), the leap second was inserted on January 1st, 2017,
+      at ``08:44:60``.
+    * In the United States, using Mountain Time Zone (UTC-07:00), the leap
+      second was inserted on December 31st, 2016, at ``16:59:60``.
+
+For more information, you can read `The Unix leap second mess (madore.org)
+<http://www.madore.org/%7Edavid/computers/unix-leap-seconds.html>`_, as
+well as the Wikipedia pages linked above.
+
+.. _UTC: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time
+.. _TAI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Time
+.. _UT1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Time
+.. _leap seconds: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second
+.. _IERS:
+    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
+    International_Earth_Rotation_and_Reference_Systems_Service
+.. _Bulletin C: https://datacenter.iers.org/productMetadata.php?id=16

leapseconddata/__init__.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ For example, to retrieve the UTC-TAI offset on January 1, 2011:
     >>> when = datetime.datetime(2011, 1, 1, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
     >>> ls.tai_offset(when).total_seconds()
     34.0
-
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations

pyproject.toml

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ line-length=120
 [tool.ruff.lint]
 select = ["E", "F", "D", "I", "N", "UP", "YTT", "BLE", "B", "FBT", "A", "COM", "C4", "DTZ", "FA", "ISC", "ICN", "PIE", "PYI", "Q", "RET", "SIM", "TID", "TCH", "ARG", "PTH", "C", "R", "W", "FLY", "RUF", "PL"]
 ignore = ["D203", "D213", "D400", "D415", "ISC001", "COM812"]
+exclude = ["docs/**/*.py"]
 [project]
 name = "leapseconddata"
 authors = [{name = "Jeff Epler", email = "jepler@gmail.com"}]